Postoperative anesthetic complications are not uncommon. Nonetheless, surgical procedures induce specific anatomical and physiological changes. Managing patients undergoing surgery remains complex across various phases of hospital care. Anesthesiologists frequently administer up to half a million doses during their careers, and morbidity and mortality linked to improper dosing and administration postoperatively are frequent concerns. The likelihood of errors is unpredictable and can lead to serious consequences. This review aims to assist anesthesiologists in adopting updated clinical skills to better assess and manage anesthetic complications. The purpose of this literature review is to explore and discuss the main categories of adverse complications and mortality rates following anesthetic administration. The information was gathered through electronic searches, including Google Scholar and PubMed. Anesthesiologists need to classify complications systematically to outline anesthetic risks clearly. Doing so will improve outcomes for vulnerable patients and enable faster, more accurate interventions.